Alhamdulillah ya akhirnya aku bisa kembali berposting di NURIL BLOG-UNTUK BERBAGI lagi
Dikesempatan kali ini aku membawa ulasan dan kategory baru juga dari blog ku ini yaitu: KOMPUTER,, makanan yg sudah tidak asing lagi di benak kita ya 
sebagai anak TI seperti aku ini, komputer itu sudah seperti makanan sehari hari (y)
di kesempatan kali ini aku akan mengulas habis tentang komputer dari dasar, yg biasa dulu aku plajarin dari SMA TKJ sampai S1 TI sekarang ini,,
berhubung takut lupa juga, dan ingin juga memberi plajaran murni tentang perkuliahan S1 (TI) di blog ini... bicara HTML tadi ya ?
Memahami dasar-dasar kode HTML
memang sangat diperlukan dalam dunia weblog. karena hal ini sangat
mempengaruhi ketepatan dalam mengubah dan menambahkan kode yang ingin
dimasukkan. ketepatan tersebut terkait dengan kode pembuka dan kode
penutup dalam rentetan kode HTML yang akan dipasang.
Untuk memahami dasar kode HTML silahkan sobat pahami kode pembuka dan kode penutup berikut ini :| BASIC ELEMENTS |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Document Type | <HTML></HTML> | (beginning and end of file) | |
| Title | <TITLE></TITLE> | (must be in header) | |
| Header | <HEAD></HEAD> | (descriptive info, such as title) | |
| Body | <BODY></BODY> | (bulk of the page) | |
| STRUCTURAL DEFINITION |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Heading | <H?></H?> | (the spec. defines 6 levels) | |
| Align Heading | <H? ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></H?> | ||
| Division | <DIV></DIV> | ||
| Align Division | <DIV ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER|JUSTIFY></DIV> | ||
| 4.0 | Defined Content | <SPAN></SPAN> | |
| Block Quote | <BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE> | (usually indented) | |
| 4.0 | Quote | <Q></Q> | (for short quotations) |
| 4.0 | Citation | <Q CITE="URL"></Q> | |
| Emphasis | <EM></EM> | (usually displayed as italic) | |
| Strong Emphasis | <STRONG></STRONG> | (usually displayed as bold) | |
| Citation | <CITE></CITE> | (usually italics) | |
| Code | <CODE></CODE> | (for source code listings) | |
| Sample Output | <SAMP></SAMP> | ||
| Keyboard Input | <KBD></KBD> | ||
| Variable | <VAR></VAR> | ||
| Definition | <DFN></DFN> | (not widely implemented) | |
| Author's Address | <ADDRESS></ADDRESS> | ||
| Large Font Size | <BIG></BIG> | ||
| Small Font Size | <SMALL></SMALL> | ||
| 4.0 | Insert | <INS></INS> | (marks additions in a new version) |
| 4.0 | Time of Change | <INS DATETIME=":::"></INS> | |
| 4.0 | Comments | <INS CITE="URL"></INS> | |
| 4.0 | Delete | <DEL></DEL> | (marks deletions in a new version) |
| 4.0 | Time of Change | <DEL DATETIME=":::"></DEL> | |
| 4.0 | Comments | <DEL CITE="URL"></DEL> | |
| 4.0 | Acronym | <ACRONYM></ACRONYM> | |
| 4.0 | Abbreviation | <ABBR></ABBR> | |
| PRESENTATION FORMATTING |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Bold | <B></B> | ||
| Italic | <I></I> | ||
| 4.0* | Underline | <U></U> | (not widely implemented) |
| Strikeout | <STRIKE></STRIKE> | (not widely implemented) | |
| 4.0* | Strikeout | <S></S> | (not widely implemented) |
| Subscript | <SUB></SUB> | ||
| Superscript | <SUP></SUP> | ||
| Typewriter | <TT></TT> | (displays in a monospaced font) | |
| Preformatted | <PRE></PRE> | (display text spacing as-is) | |
| Width | <PRE WIDTH=?></PRE> | (in characters) | |
| Center | <CENTER></CENTER> | (for both text and images) | |
| N1 | Blinking | <BLINK></BLINK> | (the most derided tag ever) |
| Font Size | <FONT SIZE=?></FONT> | (ranges from 1-7) | |
| Change Font Size | <FONT SIZE="+|-?"></FONT> | ||
| Font Color | <FONT COLOR="#$$$$$$"></FONT> | ||
| 4.0* | Select Font | <FONT FACE="***"></FONT> | |
| N4 | Point size | <FONT POINT-SIZE=?></FONT> | |
| N4 | Weight | <FONT WEIGHT=?></FONT> | |
| 4.0* | Base Font Size | <BASEFONT SIZE=?> | (from 1-7; default is 3) |
| MS | Marquee | <MARQUEE></MARQUEE> | |
| POSITIONING |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| N3 | Multi-Column | <MULTICOL COLS=?></MULTICOL> | |
| N3 | Column Gutter | <MULTICOL GUTTER=?></MULTICOL> | |
| N3 | Column Width | <MULTICOL WIDTH=?></MULTICOL> | |
| N3 | Spacer | <SPACER> | |
| N3 | Spacer Type | <SPACER TYPE=HORIZONTAL|VERTICAL|BLOCK> | |
| N3 | Size | <SPACER SIZE=?> | |
| N3 | Dimensions | <SPACER WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> | |
| N3 | Alignment | <SPACER ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER> | |
| N4 | Layer | <LAYER></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Name | <LAYER ID="***"></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Location | <LAYER LEFT=? TOP=?></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Rel. Position | <LAYER PAGEX=? PAGEY=?></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Source File | <LAYER SRC="***"></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Stacking | <LAYER Z-INDEX=?></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Stack Position | <LAYER ABOVE="***" BELOW="***"></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Dimensions | <LAYER HEIGHT=? WIDTH=?></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Clipping Path | <LAYER CLIP=,,,></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Visible? | <LAYER VISIBILITY=SHOW|HIDDEN|INHERIT></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Background | <LAYER BACKGROUND="$$$$$$"></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Color | <LAYER BGCOLOR="$$$$$$"></LAYER> | |
| N4 | Inline Layer | <ILAYER></ILAYER> | (takes same attributes as LAYER) |
| N4 | Alt. Content | <NOLAYER></NOLAYER> | |
| LINKS, GRAPHICS, AND SOUNDS |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Link Something | <A HREF="URL"></A> | ||
| Link to Location | <A HREF="URL#***"></A> | (if in another document) | |
| <A HREF="#***"></A> | (if in current document) | ||
| 4.0* | Target Window | <A HREF="URL" TARGET="***"></A> | |
| 4.0* | Action on Click | <A HREF="URL" ONCLICK="***"></A> | (Javascript) |
| 4.0* | Mouseover Action | <A HREF="URL" ONMOUSEOVER="***"></A> | (Javascript) |
| 4.0* | Mouse out Action | <A HREF="URL" ONMOUSEOUT="***"></A> | (Javascript) |
| Link to Email | <A HREF="mailto:@"></A> | ||
| N, MS | Specify Subject | <A HREF="mailto:@?SUBJECT=***"></A> | (use a real question mark) |
| Define Location | <A NAME="***"></A> | ||
| Display Image | <IMG SRC="URL"> | ||
| Alignment | <IMG SRC="URL" ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM|MIDDLE|LEFT|RIGHT> | ||
| N1 | Alignment | <IMG SRC="URL" ALIGN=TEXTTOP|ABSMIDDLE|BASELINE|ABSBOTTOM> | |
| Alternate | <IMG SRC="URL" ALT="***"> | (if image not displayed) | |
| Dimensions | <IMG SRC="URL" WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> | (in pixels) | |
| <IMG SRC="URL" WIDTH=% HEIGHT=%> | (as percentage of page width/height) | ||
| Border | <IMG SRC="URL" BORDER=?> | (in pixels) | |
| Runaround Space | <IMG SRC="URL" HSPACE=? VSPACE=?> | (in pixels) | |
| N1 | Low-Res Proxy | <IMG SRC="URL" LOWSRC="URL"> | |
| Imagemap | <IMG SRC="URL" ISMAP> | (requires a script) | |
| Imagemap | <IMG SRC="URL" USEMAP="URL"> | ||
| MS | Movie Clip | <IMG DYNSRC="***" START="***" LOOP=?> | |
| MS | Background Sound | <BGSOUND SRC="***" LOOP=?|INFINITE> | |
| Client-Side Map | <MAP NAME="***"></MAP> | (describes the map) | |
| Map Section | <AREA SHAPE="DEFAULT|RECT|CIRCLE|POLY" COORDS=",,," HREF="URL"|NOHREF> | ||
| N1 | Client Pull | <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="?; URL=URL"> | |
| N2 | Embed Object | <EMBED SRC="URL"> | (insert object into page) |
| N2 | Object Size | <EMBED SRC="URL" WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> | |
| 4.0 | Object | <OBJECT></OBJECT> | |
| 4.0 | Parameters | <PARAM> | |
| DIVIDERS |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Paragraph | <P></P> | (closing tag often unnecessary) | |
| Align Text | <P ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></P> | ||
| N | Justify Text | <P ALIGN=JUSTIFY></P> | |
| Line Break | <BR> | (a single carriage return) | |
| Clear Textwrap | <BR CLEAR=LEFT|RIGHT|ALL> | ||
| Horizontal Rule | <HR> | ||
| Alignment | <HR ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER> | ||
| Thickness | <HR SIZE=?> | (in pixels) | |
| Width | <HR WIDTH=?> | (in pixels) | |
| Width Percent | <HR WIDTH="%"> | (as a percentage of page width) | |
| Solid Line | <HR NOSHADE> | (without the 3D cutout look) | |
| N1 | No Break | <NOBR></NOBR> | (prevents line breaks) |
| N1 | Word Break | <WBR> | (where to break a line if needed) |
| LISTS |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unordered List | <UL><LI></UL> | (before each list item) | |
| Compact | <UL COMPACT></UL> | ||
| Bullet Type | <UL TYPE=DISC|CIRCLE|SQUARE> | (for the whole list) | |
| Bullet Type | <LI TYPE=DISC|CIRCLE|SQUARE> | (this & subsequent) | |
| Ordered List | <OL><LI></OL> | (before each list item) | |
| Compact | <OL COMPACT></OL> | ||
| Numbering Type | <OL TYPE=A|a|I|i|1> | (for the whole list) | |
| Numbering Type | <LI TYPE=A|a|I|i|1> | (this & subsequent) | |
| Starting Number | <OL START=?> | (for the whole list) | |
| Starting Number | <LI VALUE=?> | (this & subsequent) | |
| Definition List | <DL><DT><DD></DL> | (<DT>=term, <DD>=definition) | |
| Compact | <DL COMPACT></DL> | ||
| Menu List | <MENU><LI></MENU> | (before each list item) | |
| Compact | <MENU COMPACT></MENU> | ||
| Directory List | <DIR><LI></DIR> | (before each list item) | |
| Compact | <DIR COMPACT></DIR> | ||
| BACKGROUNDS AND COLOR |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tiled Bkground | <BODY BACKGROUND="URL"> | |||
| MS | Watermark | <BODY BGPROPERTIES="FIXED"> | ||
| Bkground Color | <BODY BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$"> | (order is red/green/blue) | ||
| Text Color | <BODY TEXT="#$$$$$$"> | |||
| Link Color | <BODY LINK="#$$$$$$"> | |||
| Visited Link | <BODY VLINK="#$$$$$$"> | |||
| Active Link | <BODY ALINK="#$$$$$$"> | |||
| (More info at,, nanti aku ulas artikelnyat) | ||||
| SPECIAL CHARACTERS |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Special Character | &#?; | (where ? is the ISO 8859-1 code) | ||
| < | < | |||
| > | > | |||
| & | & | |||
| " | " | |||
| Registered TM | ® | |||
| Registered TM | ® | |||
| Copyright | © | |||
| Copyright | © | |||
| Non-Breaking Space | | |||
| FORMS |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Define Form | <FORM ACTION="URL" METHOD=GET|POST></FORM> | ||
| 4.0* | File Upload | <FORM ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data"></FORM> | |
| Input Field | <INPUT TYPE="TEXT|PASSWORD|CHECKBOX|RADIO| FILE|BUTTON|IMAGE|HIDDEN|SUBMIT|RESET"> |
||
| Field Name | <INPUT NAME="***"> | ||
| Field Value | <INPUT VALUE="***"> | ||
| Checked? | <INPUT CHECKED> | (checkboxes and radio boxes) | |
| Field Size | <INPUT SIZE=?> | (in characters) | |
| Max Length | <INPUT MAXLENGTH=?> | (in characters) | |
| 4.0 | Button | <BUTTON></BUTTON> | |
| 4.0 | Button Name | <BUTTON NAME="***"></BUTTON> | |
| 4.0 | Button Type | <BUTTON TYPE="SUBMIT|RESET|BUTTON"></BUTTON> | |
| 4.0 | Default Value | <BUTTON VALUE="***"></BUTTON> | |
| 4.0 | Label | <LABEL></LABEL> | |
| 4.0 | Item Labelled | <LABEL FOR="***"></LABEL> | |
| Selection List | <SELECT></SELECT> | ||
| Name of List | <SELECT NAME="***"></SELECT> | ||
| # of Options | <SELECT SIZE=?></SELECT> | ||
| Multiple Choice | <SELECT MULTIPLE> | (can select more than one) | |
| Option | <OPTION> | (items that can be selected) | |
| Default Option | <OPTION SELECTED> | ||
| Option Value | <OPTION VALUE="***"> | ||
| 4.0 | Option Group | <OPTGROUP LABEL="***"></OPTGROUP> | |
| Input Box Size | <TEXTAREA ROWS=? COLS=?></TEXTAREA> | ||
| Name of Box | <TEXTAREA NAME="***"></TEXTAREA> | ||
| N2 | Wrap Text | <TEXTAREA WRAP=OFF|HARD|SOFT></TEXTAREA> | |
| 4.0 | Group elements | <FIELDSET></FIELDSET> | |
| 4.0 | Legend | <LEGEND></LEGEND> | (caption for fieldsets) |
| 4.0 | Alignment | <LEGEND ALIGN="TOP|BOTTOM|LEFT|RIGHT"></LEGEND> | |
| TABLES |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Define Table | <TABLE></TABLE> | ||
| 4.0* | Table Alignment | <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER> | |
| Table Border | <TABLE BORDER></TABLE> | (either on or off) | |
| Table Border | <TABLE BORDER=?></TABLE> | (you can set the value) | |
| Cell Spacing | <TABLE CELLSPACING=?> | ||
| Cell Padding | <TABLE CELLPADDING=?> | ||
| Desired Width | <TABLE WIDTH=?> | (in pixels) | |
| Width Percent | <TABLE WIDTH=%> | (percentage of page) | |
| 4.0* | Table Color | <TABLE BGCOLOR="$$$$$$"></TABLE> | |
| 4.0 | Table Frame | <TABLE FRAME=VOID|ABOVE|BELOW|HSIDES|LHS|RHS| VSIDES|BOX|BORDER></TABLE> |
|
| 4.0 | Table Rules | <TABLE RULES=NONE|GROUPS|ROWS|COLS|ALL></TABLE> | |
| MS | Border Color | <TABLE BORDERCOLOR="$$$$$$"></TABLE> | |
| MS | Dark Border | <TABLE BORDERCOLORDARK="$$$$$$"></TABLE> | |
| MS | Light Border | <TABLE BORDERCOLORLIGHT="$$$$$$"></TABLE> | |
| Table Row | <TR></TR> | ||
| Alignment | <TR ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER|MIDDLE|BOTTOM> | ||
| Table Cell | <TD></TD> | (must appear within table rows) | |
| Alignment | <TD ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM> | ||
| No linebreaks | <TD NOWRAP> | ||
| Columns to Span | <TD COLSPAN=?> | ||
| Rows to Span | <TD ROWSPAN=?> | ||
| 4.0* | Desired Width | <TD WIDTH=?> | (in pixels) |
| N3 | Width Percent | <TD WIDTH="%"> | (percentage of table) |
| 4.0* | Cell Color | <TD BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$"> | |
| Header Cell | <TH></TH> | (same as data, except bold centered) | |
| Alignment | <TH ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER|MIDDLE|BOTTOM> | ||
| No Linebreaks | <TH NOWRAP> | ||
| Columns to Span | <TH COLSPAN=?> | ||
| Rows to Span | <TH ROWSPAN=?> | ||
| 4.0* | Desired Width | <TH WIDTH=?> | (in pixels) |
| N3 | Width Percent | <TH WIDTH="%"> | (percentage of table) |
| 4.0* | Cell Color | <TH BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$"> | |
| 4.0 | Table Body | <TBODY> | |
| 4.0 | Table Footer | <TFOOT></TFOOT> | (must come before THEAD> |
| 4.0 | Table Header | <THEAD></THEAD> | |
| Table Caption | <CAPTION></CAPTION> | ||
| Alignment | <CAPTION ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM|LEFT|RIGHT> | ||
| 4.0 | Column | <COL></COL> | (groups column attributes) |
| 4.0 | Columns Spanned | <COL SPAN=?></COL> | |
| 4.0 | Column Width | <COL WIDTH=?></COL> | |
| 4.0 | Width Percent | <COL WIDTH="%"></COL> | |
| 4.0 | Group columns | <COLGROUP></COLGROUP> | (groups column structure) |
| 4.0 | Columns Spanned | <COLGROUP SPAN=?></COLGROUP> | |
| 4.0 | Group Width | <COLGROUP WIDTH=?></COLGROUP> | |
| 4.0 | Width Percent | <COLGROUP WIDTH="%"></COLGROUP> | |
| FRAMES |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.0* | Frame Document | <FRAMESET></FRAMESET> | (instead of <BODY> |
| 4.0* | Row Heights | <FRAMESET ROWS=,,,></FRAMESET> | (pixels or %) |
| 4.0* | Row Heights | <FRAMESET ROWS=*></FRAMESET> | (* = relative size) |
| 4.0* | Column Widths | <FRAMESET COLS=,,,></FRAMESET> | (pixels or %) |
| 4.0* | Column Widths | <FRAMESET COLS=*></FRAMESET> | (* = relative size) |
| 4.0* | Borders | <FRAMESET FRAMEBORDER="yes|no"></FRAMESET> | |
| 4.0* | Border Width | <FRAMESET BORDER=?></FRAMESET> | |
